Obiectiv: aprecierea sensibilizarii de contact cu dermita atopica.

Material si metoda. Studiul a fost realizat pe un lot de 80 de bolnavi cu forme minore si moderate de dermita atopica consultati in cadrul Laboratorului de Alergologie al Centrului Dermato-venerologic Bucuresti la care s-a suspicionat sensibilizarea de contact. Pentru testarea epicutana s-a utilizat trusa standard a Laboratorului de Alergologie care cuprinde 18 din cele mai importante alergene de contact din Romania. Rezultatele au fost comparate cu cele obtinute la un lot martor de 100 de bolnavi cu dermita de contact.

Rezultate. Varsta bolnavilor a fost cuprinsa intre 5 si 66 ani (varsta medie 38,8 ani). Au predominat bolnavii de sex feminin (72,5%). 76,2% dintre atopici si 61% dintre bolnavii neatopici au avut cel putin un test pozitiv. Principalele alergene intalnite la atopici au fost bicromatul de potasiu (35%), clorura de cobalt (32,5%, nichelul (26,2%), tiuramul (16,2%), sublimatul de mercur (15%) si para-fenilendiamina (13,7%), iar la neatopici bicromatul de potasiu (37%), clorura de cobalt (25%), nichelul (18%) si para-fenilendiamina (14%). Bolnavii de sex feminin au fost pozitivi mai ales la nichel, cobalt si bicromat de potasiu, iar cei de sex masculin la bicromat de potasiu, clorura de cobalt, para-fenilendiamina, tiuramid si sublimatul de mercur. Tinerii s-au sensibilizat mai ales fata de nichel, clorura de cobalt si tiuram, pe cand varstnicii fata de bicromat de potasiu, clorura de cobalt si para-fenilendiamina.

Concluzii. In studiul nostru, prevalenta sensibilizarii de contact cu forme minore si medii de dermita atopica este mai mare decat la neatopici. Diferentele observate intre diversele grupuri se datoreaza expunerii la diversele surse de alergene.

Objective: to assess the contact sensitization in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Methods. The study was conducted between january 1997 and january 1999 on 80 patients who attended the Allergy Unit of Dermatovenereological Centre Bucharest for minor and moderate atopic dermatitis. They were tested epicutaneous with the standards series of the Dermatovenereolgical Centre Bucharest containing 18 of the most prevalent allergens in Romania.

The results were compared with those obtained in a control group of 100 nonatopic patients with allergic contact dermatitis and similar characteristics (age, sex, severity of disease).

Results. The age of patients was comprised between 5 and 66 years (mean age 38.87 years).72.5% were female and 27.5% males. 76.2% of atopic and 61% of nonatopic patients had positive reactions to one or more allergens in the series. The most common positive reactions in atopic patients were to potassium dichromate (35%), cobalt chloride (32.5%), nickel sulfate (26.2%), thiuram (16.2%), thimerosal (15%), and paraphenylenediamine-PPD (13.7%), whereas in nonatopics were to potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, nickel sulfate, and PPD. Women had significantly more positive reaction to nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride and potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, PPD, thiuram and timerosal. Younger patients had significantly more positive reactions to nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride and thiuram, whereas older patients had more positive reactions to potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride and PPD.

Discussion and conclusions. In our study the prevalence of positive contact sensitization in patients with minor and moderate atopic dermatitis is significantly greater than in nonatopics. The differences observed between various groups are attributable to different exposure to sources of allergens.